1 Raja-raja 1:1--3:1
Konteks1:1 King David was very old; 1 even when they covered him with blankets, 2 he could not get warm. 1:2 His servants advised 3 him, “A young virgin must be found for our master, the king, 4 to take care of the king’s needs 5 and serve as his nurse. She can also sleep with you 6 and keep our master, the king, warm.” 7 1:3 So they looked through all Israel 8 for a beautiful young woman and found Abishag, a Shunammite, and brought her to the king. 1:4 The young woman was very beautiful; she became the king’s nurse and served him, but the king did not have sexual relations with her. 9
1:5 Now Adonijah, son of David and Haggith, 10 was promoting himself, 11 boasting, 12 “I will be king!” He managed to acquire 13 chariots and horsemen, as well as fifty men to serve as his royal guard. 14 1:6 (Now his father had never corrected 15 him 16 by saying, “Why do you do such things?” He was also very handsome and had been born right after Absalom. 17 ) 1:7 He collaborated 18 with Joab son of Zeruiah and with Abiathar the priest, and they supported 19 him. 20 1:8 But Zadok the priest, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, Nathan the prophet, Shimei, Rei, and David’s elite warriors 21 did not ally themselves 22 with Adonijah. 1:9 Adonijah sacrificed sheep, cattle, and fattened steers at the Stone of Zoheleth near En Rogel. He invited all his brothers, the king’s sons, 23 as well as all the men of Judah, the king’s servants. 1:10 But he did not invite Nathan the prophet, Benaiah, the elite warriors, 24 or his brother Solomon.
1:11 Nathan said to Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother, “Has it been reported to you 25 that Haggith’s son Adonijah has become king behind our master David’s back? 26 1:12 Now 27 let me give you some advice as to how 28 you can save your life and your son Solomon’s life. 1:13 Visit 29 King David and say to him, ‘My master, O king, did you not solemnly promise 30 your servant, “Surely your son Solomon will be king after me; he will sit on my throne”? So why has Adonijah become king?’ 1:14 While 31 you are still there speaking to the king, I will arrive 32 and verify your report.” 33
1:15 So Bathsheba visited the king in his private quarters. 34 (The king was very old, and Abishag the Shunammite was serving the king.) 1:16 Bathsheba bowed down on the floor before 35 the king. The king said, “What do you want?” 1:17 She replied to him, “My master, you swore an oath to your servant by the Lord your God, ‘Solomon your son will be king after me and he will sit on my throne.’ 1:18 But now, look, Adonijah has become king! But you, 36 my master the king, are not even aware of it! 37 1:19 He has sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, Abiathar the priest, and Joab, the commander of the army, but he has not invited your servant Solomon. 1:20 Now, 38 my master, O king, all Israel is watching anxiously to see who is named to succeed my master the king on the throne. 39 1:21 If a decision is not made, 40 when my master the king is buried with his ancestors, 41 my son Solomon and I 42 will be considered state criminals.” 43
1:22 Just then, 44 while she was still speaking to the king, Nathan the prophet arrived. 1:23 The king was told, “Nathan the prophet is here.” Nathan entered and bowed before the king with his face to the floor. 45 1:24 Nathan said, “My master, O king, did you announce, ‘Adonijah will be king after me; he will sit on my throne’? 1:25 For today he has gone down and sacrificed many cattle, steers, and sheep and has invited all the king’s sons, the army commanders, and Abiathar the priest. At this moment 46 they are having a feast 47 in his presence, and they have declared, ‘Long live King Adonijah!’ 48 1:26 But he did not invite me – your servant – or Zadok the priest, or Benaiah son of Jehoiada, or your servant Solomon. 1:27 Has my master the king authorized this without informing your servants 49 who should succeed my master the king on his throne?” 50
1:28 King David responded, 51 “Summon Bathsheba!” 52 She came and stood before the king. 53 1:29 The king swore an oath: “As certainly as the Lord lives (he who has rescued me 54 from every danger), 1:30 I will keep 55 today the oath I swore to you by the Lord God of Israel: ‘Surely Solomon your son will be king after me; he will sit in my place on my throne.’” 1:31 Bathsheba bowed down to the king with her face to the floor 56 and said, “May my master, King David, live forever!”
1:32 King David said, “Summon Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, 57 and Benaiah son of Jehoiada.” They came before the king, 1:33 and he 58 told them, “Take your master’s 59 servants with you, put my son Solomon on my mule, and lead him down to Gihon. 60 1:34 There Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet will anoint 61 him king over Israel; then blow the trumpet and declare, ‘Long live King Solomon!’ 1:35 Then follow him up as he comes and sits on my throne. He will be king in my place; I have decreed 62 that he will be ruler over Israel and Judah.” 1:36 Benaiah son of Jehoiada responded 63 to the king: “So be it! 64 May the Lord God of my master the king confirm it! 65 1:37 As the Lord is with my master the king, so may he be with Solomon, and may he make him an even greater king than my master King David!” 66
1:38 So Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Kerethites, and the Pelethites 67 went down, put Solomon on King David’s mule, and led him to Gihon. 1:39 Zadok the priest took a horn filled with olive oil 68 from the tent and poured it on 69 Solomon; the trumpet was blown and all the people declared, “Long live King Solomon!” 1:40 All the people followed him up, playing flutes and celebrating so loudly they made the ground shake. 70
1:41 Now Adonijah and all his guests heard the commotion just as they had finished eating. 71 When Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he asked, “Why is there such a noisy commotion in the city?” 72 1:42 As he was still speaking, Jonathan 73 son of Abiathar the priest arrived. Adonijah said, “Come in, for 74 an important man like you must be bringing good news.” 75 1:43 Jonathan replied 76 to Adonijah: “No! 77 Our master 78 King David has made Solomon king. 1:44 The king sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah son of Jehoiada, the Kerethites, and the Pelethites and they put him on the king’s mule. 1:45 Then Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anointed 79 him king in Gihon. They went up from there rejoicing, and the city is in an uproar. That is the sound you hear. 1:46 Furthermore, Solomon has assumed the royal throne. 80 1:47 The king’s servants have even come to congratulate 81 our master 82 King David, saying, ‘May your God 83 make Solomon more famous than you and make him an even greater king than you!’ 84 Then the king leaned 85 on the bed 1:48 and said 86 this: ‘The Lord God of Israel is worthy of praise because 87 today he has placed a successor on my throne and allowed me to see it.’” 88
1:49 All of Adonijah’s guests panicked; 89 they jumped up and rushed off their separate ways. 1:50 Adonijah feared Solomon, so he got up and went and grabbed hold of the horns of the altar. 90 1:51 Solomon was told, “Look, Adonijah fears you; 91 see, he has taken hold of the horns of the altar, saying, ‘May King Solomon solemnly promise 92 me today that he will not kill his servant with the sword.’” 1:52 Solomon said, “If he is a loyal subject, 93 not a hair of his head will be harmed, but if he is found to be a traitor, 94 he will die.” 1:53 King Solomon sent men to bring him down 95 from the altar. He came and bowed down to King Solomon, and Solomon told him, “Go home.” 96
2:1 When David was close to death, 97 he told 98 Solomon his son: 2:2 “I am about to die. 99 Be strong and become a man! 2:3 Do the job the Lord your God has assigned you 100 by following his instructions 101 and obeying 102 his rules, commandments, regulations, and laws as written in the law of Moses. Then you will succeed in all you do and seek to accomplish, 103 2:4 and the Lord will fulfill his promise to me, 104 ‘If your descendants watch their step 105 and live faithfully in my presence 106 with all their heart and being, 107 then,’ he promised, 108 ‘you will not fail to have a successor on the throne of Israel.’ 109
2:5 “You know what Joab son of Zeruiah did to me – how he murdered two commanders of the Israelite armies, Abner son of Ner and Amasa son of Jether. 110 During peacetime he struck them down like he would in battle; 111 when he shed their blood as if in battle, he stained his own belt and the sandals on his feet. 112 2:6 Do to him what you think is appropriate, 113 but don’t let him live long and die a peaceful death. 114
2:7 “Treat fairly 115 the sons of Barzillai of Gilead and provide for their needs, 116 because they helped me 117 when I had to flee from your brother Absalom.
2:8 “Note well, you still have to contend with Shimei son of Gera, the Benjaminite from Bahurim, 118 who tried to call down upon me a horrible judgment when I went to Mahanaim. 119 He came down and met me at the Jordan, and I solemnly promised 120 him by the Lord, ‘I will not strike you down 121 with the sword.’ 2:9 But now 122 don’t treat him as if he were innocent. You are a wise man and you know how to handle him; 123 make sure he has a bloody death.” 124
2:10 Then David passed away 125 and was buried in the city of David. 126 2:11 David reigned over Israel forty years; he reigned in Hebron seven years, and in Jerusalem 127 thirty-three years.
2:12 Solomon sat on his father David’s throne, and his royal authority 128 was firmly solidified.
2:13 Haggith’s son Adonijah visited Bathsheba, Solomon’s mother. She asked, “Do you come in peace?” He answered, “Yes.” 129 2:14 He added, 130 “I have something to say to you.” She replied, “Speak.” 2:15 He said, “You know that the kingdom 131 was mine and all Israel considered me king. 132 But then the kingdom was given to my brother, for the Lord decided it should be his. 133 2:16 Now I’d like to ask you for just one thing. Please don’t refuse me.” 134 She said, “Go ahead and ask.” 135 2:17 He said, “Please ask King Solomon if he would give me Abishag the Shunammite as a wife, for he won’t refuse you.” 136 2:18 Bathsheba replied, “That’s fine, 137 I’ll speak to the king on your behalf.”
2:19 So Bathsheba visited King Solomon to speak to him on Adonijah’s behalf. The king got up to greet 138 her, bowed to her, and then sat on his throne. He ordered a throne to be brought for the king’s mother, 139 and she sat at his right hand. 2:20 She said, “I would like to ask you for just one small favor. 140 Please don’t refuse me.” 141 He said, 142 “Go ahead and ask, my mother, for I would not refuse you.” 2:21 She said, “Allow Abishag the Shunammite to be given to your brother Adonijah as a wife.” 2:22 King Solomon answered his mother, “Why just request Abishag the Shunammite for him? 143 Since he is my older brother, you should also request the kingdom for him, for Abiathar the priest, and for Joab son of Zeruiah!”
2:23 King Solomon then swore an oath by the Lord, “May God judge me severely, 144 if Adonijah does not pay for this request with his life! 145 2:24 Now, as certainly as the Lord lives (he who made me secure, allowed me to sit on my father David’s throne, and established a dynasty 146 for me as he promised), Adonijah will be executed today!” 2:25 King Solomon then sent 147 Benaiah son of Jehoiada, and he killed Adonijah. 148
2:26 The king then told Abiathar the priest, “Go back to your property 149 in Anathoth. You deserve to die, 150 but today I will not kill you because you did carry the ark of the sovereign Lord before my father David and you suffered with my father through all his difficult times.” 151 2:27 Solomon dismissed Abiathar from his position as priest of the Lord, 152 fulfilling the decree of judgment the Lord made in Shiloh against the family of Eli. 153
2:28 When the news reached Joab (for Joab had supported 154 Adonijah, although he had not supported Absalom), he 155 ran to the tent of the Lord and grabbed hold of the horns of the altar. 156 2:29 When King Solomon heard 157 that Joab had run to the tent of the Lord and was right there beside the altar, he ordered Benaiah son of Jehoiada, 158 “Go, strike him down.” 2:30 When Benaiah arrived at the tent of the Lord, he said to him, “The king says, ‘Come out!’” But he replied, “No, I will die here!” So Benaiah sent word to the king and reported Joab’s reply. 159 2:31 The king told him, “Do as he said! Strike him down and bury him. Take away from me and from my father’s family 160 the guilt of Joab’s murderous, bloody deeds. 161 2:32 May the Lord punish him for the blood he shed; 162 behind my father David’s back he struck down and murdered with the sword two men who were more innocent and morally upright than he 163 – Abner son of Ner, commander of Israel’s army, and Amasa son of Jether, commander of Judah’s army. 2:33 May Joab and his descendants be perpetually guilty of their shed blood, but may the Lord give perpetual peace to David, his descendants, his family, 164 and his dynasty.” 165 2:34 So Benaiah son of Jehoiada went up and executed Joab; 166 he was buried at his home in the wilderness. 2:35 The king appointed Benaiah son of Jehoiada to take his place at the head of 167 the army, and the king appointed Zadok the priest to take Abiathar’s place. 168
2:36 Next the king summoned 169 Shimei and told him, “Build yourself a house in Jerusalem 170 and live there – but you may not leave there to go anywhere! 171 2:37 If you ever do leave and cross the Kidron Valley, know for sure that you will certainly die! You will be responsible for your own death.” 172 2:38 Shimei said to the king, “My master the king’s proposal is acceptable. 173 Your servant will do as you say.” 174 So Shimei lived in Jerusalem for a long time. 175
2:39 Three years later two of Shimei’s servants ran away to King Achish son of Maacah of Gath. Shimei was told, “Look, your servants are in Gath.” 2:40 So Shimei got up, saddled his donkey, and went to Achish at Gath to find his servants; Shimei went and brought back his servants from Gath. 2:41 When Solomon was told that Shimei had gone from Jerusalem to Gath and had then returned, 2:42 the king summoned 176 Shimei and said to him, “You will recall 177 that I made you take an oath by the Lord, and I solemnly warned you, ‘If you ever leave and go anywhere, 178 know for sure that you will certainly die.’ You said to me, ‘The proposal is acceptable; I agree to it.’ 179 2:43 Why then have you broken the oath you made before the Lord and disobeyed the order I gave you?” 180 2:44 Then the king said to Shimei, “You are well aware of the way you mistreated my father David. 181 The Lord will punish you for what you did. 182 2:45 But King Solomon will be empowered 183 and David’s dynasty 184 will endure permanently before the Lord.” 2:46 The king then gave the order to Benaiah son of Jehoiada who went and executed Shimei. 185
So Solomon took firm control of the kingdom. 186
3:1 Solomon made an alliance by marriage with Pharaoh, king of Egypt; he married Pharaoh’s daughter. He brought her to the City of David 187 until he could finish building his residence and the temple of the Lord and the wall around Jerusalem. 188
1 Raja-raja 11:1-13
Konteks11:1 King Solomon fell in love with many foreign women (besides Pharaoh’s daughter), including Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites. 11:2 They came from nations about which the Lord had warned the Israelites, “You must not establish friendly relations with them! 189 If you do, they will surely shift your allegiance to their gods.” 190 But Solomon was irresistibly attracted to them. 191
11:3 He had 700 royal wives 192 and 300 concubines; 193 his wives had a powerful influence over him. 194 11:4 When Solomon became old, his wives shifted his allegiance to 195 other gods; he was not wholeheartedly devoted to the Lord his God, as his father David had been. 196 11:5 Solomon worshiped 197 the Sidonian goddess Astarte and the detestable Ammonite god Milcom. 198 11:6 Solomon did evil in the Lord’s sight; 199 he did not remain loyal to 200 the Lord, like his father David had. 11:7 Furthermore, 201 on the hill east of Jerusalem 202 Solomon built a high place 203 for the detestable Moabite god Chemosh 204 and for the detestable Ammonite god Milcom. 205 11:8 He built high places for all his foreign wives so they could burn incense and make sacrifices to their gods. 206
11:9 The Lord was angry with Solomon because he had shifted his allegiance 207 away from the Lord, the God of Israel, who had appeared to him on two occasions 208 11:10 and had warned him about this very thing, so that he would not follow other gods. 209 But he did not obey 210 the Lord’s command. 11:11 So the Lord said to Solomon, “Because you insist on doing these things and have not kept the covenantal rules I gave you, 211 I will surely tear the kingdom away from you and give it to your servant. 11:12 However, for your father David’s sake I will not do this while you are alive. I will tear it away from your son’s hand instead. 11:13 But I will not tear away the entire kingdom; I will leave 212 your son one tribe for my servant David’s sake and for the sake of my chosen city Jerusalem.”
1 Raja-raja 19:1-21
Konteks19:1 Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done, including a detailed account of how he killed all the prophets with the sword. 19:2 Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah with this warning, 213 “May the gods judge me severely 214 if by this time tomorrow I do not take your life as you did theirs!” 215
19:3 Elijah was afraid, 216 so he got up and fled for his life to Beer Sheba in Judah. He left his servant there, 19:4 while he went a day’s journey into the desert. He went and sat down under a shrub 217 and asked the Lord to take his life: 218 “I’ve had enough! Now, O Lord, take my life. After all, I’m no better than my ancestors.” 219 19:5 He stretched out 220 and fell asleep under the shrub. All of a sudden an angelic messenger 221 touched him and said, “Get up and eat.” 19:6 He looked and right there by his head was a cake baking on hot coals and a jug of water. He ate and drank and then slept some more. 222 19:7 The Lord’s angelic messenger came back again, touched him, and said, “Get up and eat, for otherwise you won’t be able to make the journey.” 223 19:8 So he got up and ate and drank. That meal gave him the strength to travel forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb, the mountain of God.
19:9 He went into a cave there and spent the night. All of a sudden the Lord spoke to him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” 19:10 He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal 224 to the Lord, the sovereign God, 225 even though the Israelites have abandoned the agreement they made with you, 226 torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.” 227 19:11 The Lord 228 said, “Go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord. Look, the Lord is ready to pass by.”
A very powerful wind went before the Lord, digging into the mountain and causing landslides, 229 but the Lord was not in the wind. After the windstorm there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. 19:12 After the earthquake, there was a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. After the fire, there was a soft whisper. 230 19:13 When Elijah heard it, he covered his face with his robe and went out and stood at the entrance to the cave. All of a sudden 231 a voice asked him, “Why are you here, Elijah?” 19:14 He answered, “I have been absolutely loyal 232 to the Lord, the sovereign God, 233 even though the Israelites have abandoned the agreement they made with you, 234 torn down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I alone am left and now they want to take my life.” 235 19:15 The Lord said to him, “Go back the way you came and then head for the Desert of Damascus. Go and anoint Hazael king over Syria. 19:16 You must anoint Jehu son of Nimshi king over Israel, and Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah to take your place as prophet. 19:17 Jehu will kill anyone who escapes Hazael’s sword, and Elisha will kill anyone who escapes Jehu’s sword. 19:18 I still have left in Israel seven thousand followers who have not bowed their knees to Baal or kissed the images of him.” 236
19:19 Elijah went from there and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve pairs of oxen; he was near the twelfth pair. Elijah passed by him and threw his robe over him. 19:20 He left the oxen, ran after Elijah, and said, “Please let me kiss my father and mother goodbye, then I will follow you.” Elijah 237 said to him, “Go back! Indeed, what have I done to you?” 19:21 Elisha 238 went back and took his pair of oxen and slaughtered them. He cooked the meat over a fire that he made by burning the harness and yoke. 239 He gave the people meat and they ate. Then he got up and followed Elijah and became his assistant.
[1:1] 1 tn Heb “was old, coming into the days” (i.e., advancing in years).
[1:2] 4 tn Heb “let them seek for my master, the king, a young girl, a virgin.” The third person plural subject of the verb is indefinite (see GKC 460 §144.f). The appositional expression, “a young girl, a virgin,” is idiomatic; the second term specifically defines the more general first term (see IBHS 230 §12.3b).
[1:2] 5 tn Heb “and she will stand before the king.” The Hebrew phrase “stand before” can mean “to attend; to serve” (BDB 764 s.v. עָמַד).
[1:2] 6 tn Heb “and she will lie down in your bosom.” The expression might imply sexual intimacy (see 2 Sam 12:3 [where the lamb symbolizes Bathsheba] and Mic 7:5), though v. 4b indicates that David did not actually have sex with the young woman.
[1:2] 7 tn Heb “and my master, the king, will be warm.”
[1:3] 8 tn Heb “through all the territory of Israel.”
[1:4] 9 tn Heb “did not know her.”
[1:5] 10 tn Heb “son of Haggith,” but since this formula usually designates the father (who in this case was David), the translation specifies that David was Adonijah’s father.
[1:5] sn Haggith was one of David’s wives (2 Sam 3:4; 2 Chr 3:2).
[1:5] 11 tn Heb “lifting himself up.”
[1:5] 13 tn Or “he acquired for himself.”
[1:5] 14 tn Heb “to run ahead of him.”
[1:6] 16 tn Heb “did not correct him from his days.” The phrase “from his days” means “from his earliest days,” or “ever in his life.” See GKC 382 §119.w, n. 2.
[1:6] 17 tn Heb “and she gave birth to him after Absalom.” This does not imply they had the same mother; Absalom’s mother was Maacah, not Haggith (2 Sam 3:4).
[1:7] 18 tn Heb “his words were.”
[1:7] 19 tn Heb “helped after” (i.e., stood by).
[1:7] 20 tn Heb “Adonijah.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[1:8] 21 tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).
[1:9] 23 tc The ancient Greek version omits this appositional phrase.
[1:10] 24 tn Or “bodyguard” (Heb “mighty men”).
[1:11] 25 tn Heb “Have you not heard?”
[1:11] 26 tn Heb “and our master David does not know.”
[1:12] 27 tn Heb “now, come.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.
[1:13] 29 tn Heb “come, go to.” The imperative of הָלַךְ (halakh) is here used as an introductory interjection. See BDB 234 s.v. חָלַךְ.
[1:13] 30 tn Or “swear an oath to.”
[1:14] 31 tn In the Hebrew text the sentence is introduced by the particle הִנֵּה (hinneh, “look”), which here draws attention to Nathan’s concluding word of assurance and support. For this use of the word, see HALOT 252 s.v. הִנֵּה.
[1:14] 32 tc The Hebrew text reads, “I will come after you.”
[1:14] 33 tn Heb “fill up [i.e., confirm] your words.”
[1:16] 35 tn Heb “bowed low and bowed down to.”
[1:18] 36 tc Instead of עַתָּה (’attah, “now”) many Hebrew
[1:18] 37 tn Heb “you do not know [about it].”
[1:20] 38 tc Many Hebrew
[1:20] 39 tn Heb “the eyes of all Israel are upon you to declare to them who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him.”
[1:21] 40 tn The words “if a decision is not made” are added for clarification.
[1:21] 41 tn Heb “lies down with his fathers.”
[1:21] 42 tn Heb “I and my son Solomon.” The order has been reversed in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[1:21] 43 tn Heb “will be guilty”; NASB “considered offenders”; TEV “treated as traitors.”
[1:22] 44 tn Heb “look.” The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh) here draws attention to Nathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.
[1:23] 45 tn Heb “ground.” Since this was indoors, “floor” is more appropriate than “ground.”
[1:25] 47 tn Heb “eating and drinking.”
[1:25] 48 tn Heb “let the king, Adonijah, live!”
[1:27] 49 tc Many Hebrew
[1:27] 50 tn Heb “From my master the king is this thing done, and you did not make known to your servants who will sit on the throne of my master the king after him?”
[1:28] 51 tn Heb “answered and said.”
[1:28] 52 sn Summon Bathsheba. Bathsheba must have left the room when Nathan arrived (see 1:22).
[1:28] 53 tn Heb “she came before the king and stood before the king.”
[1:29] 54 tn Or “ransomed my life.”
[1:30] 55 tn Or “carry out, perform.”
[1:31] 56 tn Heb “bowed low, face [to] the ground, and bowed down to the king.”
[1:32] 57 sn Summon…Nathan. Nathan must have left the room when Bathsheba reentered.
[1:33] 59 tn The plural form is used in the Hebrew text to indicate honor and authority.
[1:33] 60 tn Heb “mount Solomon my son on the mule that belongs to me and take him down to Gihon.”
[1:34] 61 tn Or “designate” (i.e., by anointing with oil).
[1:36] 63 tn Heb “answered and said.”
[1:36] 65 tn Heb “So may the
[1:37] 66 tn Heb “and may he make his throne greater than the throne of my master King David.”
[1:38] 67 sn The Kerethites and Pelethites were members of David’s royal guard (see 2 Sam 8:18). The Kerethites may have been descendants of an ethnic group originating in Crete.
[1:39] 68 tn Heb “the horn of oil.” This has been specified as olive oil in the translation for clarity.
[1:39] sn A horn filled with oil. An animal’s horn was used as an oil flask in the anointing ceremony.
[1:40] 70 tn Heb “and all the people went up after him, and the people were playing flutes and rejoicing with great joy and the ground split open at the sound of them.” The verb בָּקַע (baqa’, “to split open”), which elsewhere describes the effects of an earthquake, is obviously here an exaggeration for the sake of emphasis.
[1:41] 71 tn Heb “And Adonijah and all the guests who were with him heard, now they had finished eating.”
[1:41] 72 tn Heb “Why is the city’s sound noisy?”
[1:42] 73 tn The Hebrew text has “look” at this point. The particle הִנֵּה (hinneh), “look draws attention to Jonathan’s arrival and invites the audience to view the scene through the eyes of the participants.
[1:42] 75 tn Heb “you are a man of strength [or “ability”] and you bring a message [that is] good.” Another option is to understand the phrase אִישׁ חַיִל (’ish khayil) in the sense of “a worthy man,” that is “loyal.” See also 1 Kgs 1:52 and HALOT 311 s.v. חַיִל.
[1:43] 76 tn Heb “answered and said.”
[1:43] 77 tn For a similar use of אֲבָל (’aval), see Gen 17:19, where God rejects Abraham’s proposal and offers an alternative.
[1:43] 78 tn The plural form is used in the Hebrew text to indicate honor and authority.
[1:45] 79 tn I.e., designated by anointing with oil.
[1:46] 80 tn Heb “And also Solomon sits on the throne of the kingdom.”
[1:47] 82 tn The plural form is used in the Hebrew text to indicate honor and authority.
[1:47] 83 tc Many Hebrew
[1:47] 84 tn Heb “make the name of Solomon better than your name, and make his throne greater than your throne.” The term שֵׁם (shem, “name”) is used here of one’s fame and reputation.
[1:47] 85 tn Or “bowed down; worshiped.”
[1:48] 86 tn The Hebrew text reads, “and the king said.”
[1:48] 87 tn Or “Blessed be the
[1:48] 88 tn Heb “and my eyes are seeing.”
[1:49] 89 tn Or “were afraid, trembled.”
[1:50] 90 sn Grabbed hold of the horns of the altar. The “horns” of the altar were the horn-shaped projections on the four corners of the altar (see Exod 27:2). By going to the holy place and grabbing hold of the horns of the altar, Adonijah was seeking asylum from Solomon.
[1:51] 91 tn Heb “King Solomon.” The name and title have been replaced by the pronoun (“you”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[1:51] 92 tn Or “swear an oath to.”
[1:52] 93 tn Heb “if he is a man of strength [or ability].” In this context, where Adonijah calls himself a “servant,” implying allegiance to the new king, the phrase אִישׁ חַיִל (’ish khayil) probably carries the sense of “a worthy man,” that is, “loyal” (see HALOT 311 s.v. חַיִל).
[1:52] 94 tn Heb “but if evil is found in him.”
[1:53] 95 tn Heb “sent and they brought him down.”
[1:53] 96 tn Heb “Go to your house.”
[2:1] 97 tn Heb “and the days of David approached to die.”
[2:2] 99 tn Heb “going the way of all the earth.”
[2:3] 100 tn Heb “keep the charge of the
[2:3] 101 tn Heb “by walking in his ways.”
[2:3] 103 tn Heb “then you will cause to succeed all which you do and all which you turn there.”
[2:4] 104 tn Heb “then the
[2:4] 105 tn Heb “guard their way.”
[2:4] 106 tn Heb “by walking before me in faithfulness.”
[2:4] 109 tn Heb “there will not be cut off from you a man from upon the throne of Israel.”
[2:5] 110 tn Heb “what he did to the two commanders…and he killed them.”
[2:5] 111 tn Heb “he shed the blood of battle in peace.”
[2:5] 112 tn Heb “and he shed the blood of battle when he killed which is on his waist and on his sandal[s] which are on his feet.” That is, he covered himself with guilt and his guilt was obvious to all who saw him.
[2:6] 113 tn Heb “according to your wisdom.”
[2:6] 114 tn Heb “and do not bring down his grey hair in peace [to] Sheol.”
[2:7] 115 tn Heb “do loyalty with”; or “act faithfully toward.”
[2:7] 116 tn Heb “and let them be among the ones who eat [at] your table.”
[2:7] 117 tn Heb “drew near to.”
[2:8] 118 tn Heb “Look, with you is Shimei….”
[2:8] 119 tn Heb “and he cursed me with a horrible curse on the day I went to Mahanaim.”
[2:8] 120 tn Or “swore an oath to.”
[2:9] 122 tc The Lucianic recension of the Old Greek and the Vulgate have here “you” rather than “now.” The two words are homonyms in Hebrew.
[2:9] 123 tn Heb “what you should do to him.”
[2:9] 124 tn Heb “bring his grey hair down in blood [to] Sheol.”
[2:10] 125 tn Heb “and David lay down with his fathers.”
[2:10] 126 sn The phrase the city of David refers here to the fortress of Zion in Jerusalem, not to Bethlehem. See 2 Sam 5:7.
[2:11] 127 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:13] 129 tn Heb “[in] peace.”
[2:14] 130 tn Heb “and he said.”
[2:15] 132 tn Heb “set their face to me to be king.”
[2:15] 133 tn Heb “and the kingdom turned about and became my brother’s, for from the
[2:16] 134 tn Heb “Do not turn back my face.”
[2:16] 135 tn Heb “She said, ‘Speak!’”
[2:17] 136 tn Heb “Say to Solomon the king, for he will not turn back your face, that he might give to me Abishag the Shunammite for a wife.”
[2:18] 137 tn Heb “[It is] good!”
[2:19] 139 tn Heb “he set up a throne for the mother of the king.”
[2:20] 140 tn Or “I’d like to make just one request of you.”
[2:20] 141 tn Heb “Do not turn back my face.”
[2:20] 142 tn Heb “and the king said to her.”
[2:22] 143 tn Heb “for Adonijah.”
[2:23] 144 tn Heb “So may God do to me, and so may he add.”
[2:23] 145 tn Heb “if with his life Adonijah has not spoken this word.”
[2:25] 147 tn The Hebrew text adds, “by the hand of.”
[2:25] 148 tn Heb “and he struck him and he died.”
[2:26] 150 tn Heb “you are a man of death.”
[2:26] 151 tn Heb “and because you suffered through all which my father suffered.”
[2:27] 152 tn Heb “Solomon drove out Abiathar from being a priest to the
[2:27] 153 tn Heb “fulfilling the word of the
[2:28] 154 tn Heb “turned after” (also later in this verse).
[2:28] 155 tn Heb “Joab.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
[2:28] 156 sn Grabbed hold of the horns of the altar. The “horns” of the altar were the horn-shaped projections on the four corners of the altar (see Exod 27:2). By going to the holy place and grabbing hold of the horns of the altar, Joab was seeking asylum from Solomon.
[2:29] 157 tn Heb “and it was related to King Solomon.”
[2:29] 158 tn Heb “so Solomon sent Benaiah son of Jehoiada, saying.”
[2:30] 159 tn Heb “saying, “In this way Joab spoke and in this way he answered me.”
[2:31] 161 tn Heb “take away the undeserved bloodshed which Joab spilled from upon me and from upon the house of my father.”
[2:32] 162 tn Heb “The
[2:32] 163 tn Heb “because he struck down two men more innocent and better than he and he killed them with the sword, and my father David did not know.”
[2:33] 165 tn Heb “his throne.”
[2:34] 166 tn Heb “struck him and killed him.” The referent (Joab) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[2:35] 168 tc The Old Greek translation includes after v. 35 some fourteen verses that are absent from the MT.
[2:36] 169 tn Heb “sent and summoned.”
[2:36] 170 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[2:36] 171 tn Heb “and you may not go out from there here or there.”
[2:37] 172 tn Heb “your blood will be upon your head.”
[2:38] 173 tn Heb “Good is the word, as my master the king has spoken.”
[2:38] 174 tn Heb “so your servant will do.”
[2:38] 175 tn Heb “many days.”
[2:42] 176 tn Heb “sent and summoned.”
[2:42] 177 tn Heb “Is it not [true]…?” In the Hebrew text the statement is interrogative; the rhetorical question expects the answer, “Of course it is.”
[2:42] 178 tn Heb “here or there.”
[2:42] 179 tn Heb “good is the word; I have heard.”
[2:43] 180 tn Heb “Why have you not kept the oath [to] the
[2:44] 181 tn Heb “You know all the evil, for your heart knows, which you did to David my father.”
[2:44] 182 tn Heb “The
[2:46] 185 tn “The king commanded Benaiah son of Jehoiada and he went out and struck him down and he died.”
[2:46] 186 tn “And the kingdom was established in the hand of Solomon.”
[3:1] 187 sn The phrase City of David refers here to the fortress of Zion in Jerusalem, not to Bethlehem. See 2 Sam 5:7.
[3:1] 188 map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[11:2] 189 tn Heb “you must not go into them, and they must not go into you.”
[11:2] 190 tn Heb “Surely they will bend your heart after their gods.” The words “if you do” are supplied in the translation for clarification.
[11:2] 191 tn Heb “Solomon clung to them for love.” The pronominal suffix, translated “them,” is masculine here, even though it appears the foreign women are in view. Perhaps this is due to attraction to the masculine forms used of the nations earlier in the verse.
[11:3] 192 tn Heb “wives, princesses.”
[11:3] 193 sn Concubines were slave women in ancient Near Eastern societies who were the legal property of their master, but who could have legitimate sexual relations with their master. A concubine’s status was more elevated than a mere servant, but she was not free and did not have the legal rights of a free wife. The children of a concubine could, in some instances, become equal heirs with the children of the free wife. The usage in the present passage suggests that after the period of the Judges concubines may have become more of a royal prerogative (cf. also 2 Sam 21:10-14).
[11:3] 194 tn Heb “his wives bent his heart.”
[11:4] 195 tn Heb “bent his heart after.”
[11:4] 196 tn Heb “his heart was not complete with the
[11:5] 197 tn Heb “walked after.”
[11:5] 198 tn Heb “Milcom, the detestable thing of the Ammonites.”
[11:6] 199 tn Heb “in the eyes of the
[11:6] 200 tn The idiomatic statement reads in Hebrew, “he did not fill up after.”
[11:7] 202 sn The hill east of Jerusalem refers to the Mount of Olives.
[11:7] map For location see Map5 B1; Map6 F3; Map7 E2; Map8 F2; Map10 B3; JP1 F4; JP2 F4; JP3 F4; JP4 F4.
[11:7] 203 sn A high place. The “high places” were places of worship that were naturally or artificially elevated (see 1 Kgs 3:2).
[11:7] 204 tn Heb “Chemosh, the detestable thing of Moab.”
[11:7] 205 tc The MT reads “Molech,” but Milcom must be intended (see vv. 5, 33).
[11:8] 206 tn Heb “and the same thing he did for all his foreign wives, [who] were burning incense and sacrificing to their gods.”
[11:9] 207 tn Heb “bent his heart.”
[11:9] 208 sn These two occasions are mentioned in 1 Kgs 3:5 and 9:2.
[11:10] 209 tn Heb “and had commanded him concerning this thing not to walk after other gods.”
[11:11] 211 tn Heb “Because this is with you, and you have not kept my covenant and my rules which I commanded you.”
[19:2] 214 tn Heb “So may the gods do to me, and so may they add.”
[19:2] 215 tn Heb “I do not make your life like the life of one of them.”
[19:3] 216 tc The MT has “and he saw,” but some medieval Hebrew
[19:4] 217 tn Or “broom tree” (also in v. 5).
[19:4] 218 tn Heb “and asked with respect to his life to die.”
[19:5] 221 tn Heb “Look, a messenger.”
[19:6] 222 tn Heb “and again lay down”
[19:7] 223 tn Heb “for the journey is too great for you.”
[19:10] 224 tn Or “very zealous.” The infinitive absolute preceding the finite verb emphasizes the degree of his zeal and allegiance.
[19:10] 225 tn Traditionally, “the God of hosts.”
[19:10] 226 tn Heb “abandoned your covenant.”
[19:10] 227 tn Heb “and they are seeking my life to take it.”
[19:11] 228 tn Heb “he”; the referent (the
[19:11] 229 tn Heb “tearing away the mountains and breaking the cliffs” (or perhaps, “breaking the stones”).
[19:12] 230 tn Heb “a voice, calm, soft.”
[19:14] 232 tn Or “very zealous.” The infinitive absolute preceding the finite verb emphasizes the degree of his zeal and allegiance.
[19:14] 233 tn Traditionally, “the God of hosts.”
[19:14] 234 tn Heb “abandoned your covenant.”
[19:14] 235 tn Heb “and they are seeking my life to take it.”
[19:18] 236 tn Heb “I have kept in Israel seven thousand, all the knees that have not bowed to Baal, and all the mouths that have not kissed him.”
[19:20] 237 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:21] 238 tn Heb “he”; the referent (Elijah) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[19:21] 239 tn Heb “and with the equipment of the oxen he cooked them, the flesh.”
